Te Pūrongo Maamaa, te Auahatanga Whai Hua Pūngao: Te Whanaketanga Hangarau me te Whakamana i te Tirohanga o ngā Pana Rama Whakahohe-Nekehanga

Ko te kaupapa matua o te pana rama e kite ana i te nekehanga kei roto i tana hoahoa rerekē o te arorau o te kite. Ka kitea e te pūoko infrared korekore (PIR) mā te hopu i ngā ngaru infrared 8-14μm e tukuna ana e te tinana tangata, e tika ana mō te 90% o ngā āhuatanga kāinga engari he wāhi matapo mō ngā ūnga tūmau; ka ine te pūoko ultrasonic i te tawhiti o ngā mea e neke ana mā te whakaata o ngā ngaru oro auau-teitei 40kHz, ka taea te uru ki te karāhe me ngā pakitara angiangi, ā, he pai mō te aroturuki i roto i ngā taiao uaua pēnei i ngā whata whare putunga; ko te pūoko Doppler ngaruiti ka tātari i te nekehanga auau o ngā ngaru hikohiko 5.8GHz mō ngā ūnga hihiri, me te aro o te 0.01m/s, ā, kua whakamahia ki ngā ara hōhipera hei ārai i ngā hinganga i te pō.

Kua huri te whakaurunga hangarau hei ia hou: Hei tauira, ka whakakotahi te pana "MultiSense Pro" a Schneider Electric i te PIR me te radar mirimita-ngaru hei whakatutuki i te whānuitanga kapinga 180° me te tere urupare 0.1-hēkona. Ka taea e ia te wehewehe i waenga i ngā mahi a te tangata me ngā mahi a ngā mōkai (mā te rerekētanga o te irahiko wera o te tinana). Nā tēnei kitenga tika kua whakaitihia te tere whakaoho teka mai i te 15% o ngā hua tuku iho ki raro iho i te 1%.

He Huarahi Rua i roto i te Whai Hua o te Pūngao me te Manaaki Tangata

He nui rawa atu te uara penapena hiko o ngā pana tirotiro nekehanga. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i te Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory i te United States, i roto i ngā whare tari, ina whakamahia ngā rama tirotiro nekehanga atamai, ka heke te whakapaunga hiko mā te 38% ki te 72%. Ina koa, ka eke te penapena hiko i roto i ngā ara raro me ngā rūma hui ki te 91%. I roto i te rāngai noho, ka whakamahia e te Philips Hue Motion Sensor tētahi pūnaha urutau hei ako i ngā tauira whanonga a ngā kaiwhakamahi: ina kitea ngā mahi a te kīhini mai i te 2 i te ata ki te 5 i te ata, ka huri aunoa ki te aratau kanapa 10% hei tiaki kanohi, hei whakataurite i te tiaki hiko me ngā matea hauora.

He nui ake te hiranga o te whakamana i ngā rōpū motuhake ki te taha pāpori. Ko te "TAPKO Switch" i whakatairangahia e te Royal National Institute of Blind People i te UK e whakakotahi ana i tētahi pūoko ngaruiti me te urupare pā, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakamahi kanohi pōuri ki te rongo i te āhua o te mārama mā roto i ngā wiri. Kei te "CareSwitch" a Panasonic tētahi AI mō te kimi hinganga. Ina kitea e ia kua hinga tētahi kaumātua, ka tahuri aunoa te rama o te whare katoa ka tukuna he whakaoho. Mā ēnei hoahoa ka hiki ake te hangarau kite nekehanga mai i tētahi taputapu ki tētahi atanga ratonga tangata.

Whakaurunga Taiao Atamai: Mai i ngā Pūrere Motuhake ki te Pūnaha Whakahaere Wāhi

Kei te whanake haere ngā pana nekehanga hou hei pūnaha io matua o ngā whare atamai. Hei tauira, whakamahia te pūoko aroaro Aqara FP2. Ka hangaia he tauira ā-wāhi toru-ahu mā te whakamahi i te radar 60GHz, ā, ka taea te whai i ngā tūranga o te tokorima tāngata i te wā kotahi. Ka taea e ia te whakamahi i ngā hauhautanga hei whakarerekē i te ahunga o te hau me te whakahaere i te oro o te pūnaha oro-ataata. I roto i ngā āhuatanga arumoni, ka tātarihia e te tūāpapa Siemens "Desigo CC" ngā raraunga wā-tūturu o ngā tekau mano o ngā pana pūoko i roto i te whare, ka arotau i te rama, te whakaritenga ararewa, me te tohatoha pūngao o te whare katoa, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere mā te 23%.

Ā tōna wā, mā te whakaurunga o te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti mārama Li-Fi ka puta he taha hou: Ka taea e te tauira hua mai i te Osram Laboratory te tuku raraunga mā roto i ngā piki me ngā heke o te mārama. Ina Pātene Pūoko Ina whakahohea, ka tukuna e te rama rama tuanui te ara whakatere o roto ki te waea atamai, me te tere tuku tae atu ki te 10 Gbps. Ko tēnei aratau mahi tahi "nekehanga-mārama" e tohu ana i te whanaketanga pekepeke o te pūnaha rama mai i tētahi wae mahi ki tētahi turanga matihiko taiao.